Life cycle sustainability assessment for modular construction – A proposed conceptual framework

Abstract Offsite construction (OSC) is increasingly recognised as a viable alternative for conventional in-situ construction. Modular (MC) one of the most advanced and efficient OSC methods in industry. Even with distinctive benefits offered by MC, it imperative to investigate sustainability performance MC understand trade-offs traditional Life cycle assessment (LCSA) tool that integrates three pillars from life perspective. At present, common method consider LCSA sum (LCA), costing (LCC), social LCA (S-LCA). However, studies have employed methodology assessing are still lacking literature. Relevant literature lacks comprehensive framework guidance conduct MC. Thus, this paper aims propose conceptual triple bottom line (TBL) assess using LCSA. The publications acquired keyword search analysis were reviewed develop identifying key factors challenges methodological steps, findings, gaps related discovered survey. results show goal scope should be defined properly address complications differences TBL sustainability. proposed offers insight academia industry practitioners about holistic investigation